The differences between some of the diagnostic categories are uncertain, vague, or insensitive a clear example is the questionable category in deans index. Use of the tsif in a survey in illinois was able to discriminate between the prevalence and severity of fluorosis in four groups of communities with different concentrations of fluoride in their drinking water. The data analysis of the prevalence of fluorosis severity level was dichotomized to very mildabove vs. We analyzed publicly available data from the 20112012 nhanes, calculating fluorosis prevalence and severity using 3 measures. Fluorosis index department of public health dentistry 10 the fluorosis index set criteria for categorization of dental fluorosis on a 7 point scale. It is uncomplicated and provides a whole mouth score in one code. Indexes for measuring dental fluorosis horowitz 1986.
Treatment of dental fluorosis milena peneva department of childrens dental medicine faculty of dental medicine, medical university sofia, bulgaria journal of imab annual proceeding scientific papers 2008, book 2 summary dental fluorosis is the result of chronic endogenic intake of fluorides in amounts exceeding the optimal daily dose. Dental fluorosis will be one of the first indicators of fluorosis. An integrated approach to address endemic fluorosis in. Dental fluorosis prevalence and diagnostic test using dean. Probe on the biomarker to substitute the dental fluorosis for.
Dental fluorosis is defined as having very mild, mild, moderate, or severe forms and is based on deans fluorosis index. When scoring, start at the higher end of the index i. Deans index of fluorosis 1947 is the oldest index of fluorosis. Among 12 year olds, the difference between df28 and df6 was 20. A system of defining the severity of chronic fluoride toxicity based on enamel defects. Dental fluorosis had been used for deriving the fluoride acceptable threshold for a long time. Fluorosis definition is an abnormal condition such as mottling of the teeth caused by fluorine or its compounds. Fluorosis index department of public health dentistry 8 fluorosis specific deans fluorosis index thylstrup and fejerskov index tooth surface index for fluorosis fluorosis risk index descriptive developmental effects of enamel index jackson al alousi index murray shaw index 8.
This list is usually at the back of a book, and the table of contents is. Deans fluorosis index legal definition of deans fluorosis index. The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a difference in dental fluorosis prevalence comparing national health and nutrition examination survey nhanes trend data for adolescents, aged 16 and 17 years, when compared to data collected in 20012002 to data from 20112012. Effects of fluorosis on the shear bond strength of. Use of the tsif in a survey in illinois was able to discriminate between the prevalence and severity of fluorosis in four groups of communities with different concentrations of fluoride in. Deans classification of dental fluorosis is presented in table1.
However, it was diagnosed on the color or defect degree of tooth, like deans index, which would be easily influenced by lifestyle, like smoking and drinking tea. An individuals fluorosis score is based on the most severe form of fluorosis found on two or more teeth. Instead of just measuring the overall prevalence of fluorosis i. Fluoride action network community fluorosis index cfi. Prevention of dental fluorosis by harvesting rainwater in sri lanka. Data analyses included chi square tests and logistic regressions. The diagnosis of the degree of dental fluorosis was performed by applying deans index di 18, 19 and the thylstrupfejerskov index tf, which is more sensitive for individual classifications of dental organs in ten categories.
Study results have revealed that the prevalence has increased over the years and that there has been a modest increase in some of the categories of severity. The earliest widely accepted index was developed by trendley dean and published in 1942 dean, 1942. This report describes the interexaminer reliability achieved using dean s index in a study of dental fluorosis, and shows the effect on kappa values of assigning different weights to the various components of dean s index. Deans data yellow shows why we used to think the optimal fluoridation was higher than we do today blue. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Less than onequarter of persons aged 649 had dental fluorosis. Sign up or login to train in dean s index of fluorosis. Fluorosis index department of public health dentistry 9 9. High prevalence of dental fluorosis among adolescents is a. Looking for online definition of dean s fluorosis index in the medical dictionary.
Dental fluorosis prevalence and severity using deans index based on six teeth and on 28 teeth article pdf available in clinical oral investigations 123. Our mouths contain bacteria that combine with sugars in the foods we eat and. Whereas the dean index identifies four types of fluorosis very mild, mild, moderate, and severe, the tsif index identifies nine types and as shown below the tsif identifies seven. Deans fluorosis index article about deans fluorosis. Oct 09, 2016 fluorosis, difference between dental fluorosis and non fluoride enamel opacities, deans fluorosis index, thylstrup and fejerskov, tooth surface fluorosis imde slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. If fluorosis is present then decide on the two most severely affected teeth. Several indices were developed to measure dental fluorosis in the 20th century. Hence, some biomarkers had already tried to assess the fluoride exposure risk with the development of biomonitor technique, and this. It is widely used and provides a basis for current and historical comparisons of fluorosis. Mascarenhas is assistant professor of health services research at ohio state university. The level of hypomineralization and clinical appearance of the fluorotic enamel varies from mild to severe fig.
His index of dental fluorosis recorded the appearance of the teeth wet. These include fluorosis specific indices such as deans index. The community fluorosis index cfi is a way of measuring the burden of dental fluorosis in a population. Abstract to contrast the sensitivity, specificity, and positive negative predictive values between dental fluorosis prevalence scored on 28 df28 and on six permanent teeth df6, we undertook a crosssectional study on 1,538 adolescents 12 and 15. In clinical work one of the most widely used methods of classifying and recording dental fluorosis is the dental fluorosis index dfi formulated by dean 1942. Dental fluorosis is a pathologic condition characterized by hypomineralization of the enamel due to excessive exposure to fluoride during enamel mineralization. Cdcnchs, national health and nutrition examination survey, 1999 2004 although the effects of the most prevalent forms of dental fluorosis are primarily aesthetic, health professionals should identify all possible sources of fluoride before. The individual is scored in a number of areas depending upon independence of performance. Deans index is scored on the condition of these two teeth. The vast majority of cases are mild, and only about 2% are considered moderate. Deans fluorosis index article about deans fluorosis index. The majority of affected students were from government schools. Dean to assess the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis in various communities in the united states 2. Dean to assess the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis in various communities in the united states.
The dean index grades the enamel lesions according to the degree of severity described. Pdf dental fluorosis prevalence and severity using deans. These include the thylstrupfejerskov index tf index and the tooth surface index of fluorosis tsif. Deans fluorosis index definition of deans fluorosis index. Deans fluorosis index was first published in 1934 by h. Dentists generally use the dean index to diagnose the severity of a childs fluorosis. Probe on the biomarker to substitute the dental fluorosis.
The most commonly used indices are the dean index dr trendley dean 18931962, american dentist and the thylstrupfejerskov index named after a. Dental fluorosis comes in various stages of severity. The surface is smooth, glossy, and usually of a pale creamy white colour. The tooth surface index of fluorosis tsif eliminates or reduces some of the shortcomings of deans method.
Surface preparation via pumicing and etching with transbond sep showed the highest bond failure rate of 74. May 20, 2016 dental fluorosis had been used for deriving the fluoride acceptable threshold for a long time. Distinguishing between enamel fluorosis and other enamel. Prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis in the united. Dean s fluorosis index was first published in 1934. If the two teeth are not equally affected score on the least affected. Dental fluorosis wikimili, the best wikipedia reader. Cdcnchs, national health and nutrition examination survey, 19992004. Dental fluorosis prevalence and severity using deans. Accordingly, an infrastructure must be in place to track the dean index at regular intervals and then report this information to the health department and stakeholders, i. Megan brickley, rachel ives, in the bioarchaeology of metabolic bone disease, 2008. Pdf dental fluorosis prevalence and severity using dean. Using the scores obtained for all teeth present df28 as a gold standard, we calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positivenegative predictive values, and receiver operating characteristic and concordance index pertaining to the scores based on six teeth upper incisors and canines. The index underwent two changes, appearing in its final form in 1942.
The severity of fluorosis increases with the dose of fluoride the child consumes, and can be exacerbated by nutritional deficiencies and kidney impairment. Although no numbers were used it was considered to be on an ordinal scale. Barthel index an objective, standardized tool for measuring functional status. Pdf prevention of dental fluorosis by harvesting rainwater. Dean s fluorosis index was first published in 1934 by h. They have concluded that fluoride at the level of 1 ppm in the drinking water would no doubt reduce cite this article. Because of deans simple index, it has been possible to compare the prevalence and severity of fluorosis over many decades. Dean s data shows decreasing caries with increased fluorosis dean s data yellow shows why we used to think the optimal fluoridation was higher than we do today blue dashed what are the risk factors for dental fluorosis. Prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis in hail, saudi arabia, authorhazza abdullah alhobeira and ammar ahmed siddiqui and rashid iqbal mian and siddiqui aa, journaljournal of international oral health, year2015, volume11, pages 233 233. Exposure, prevention and management introduction dental fluorosis is a developmental disturbance of dental enamel, caused by successive exposures to high concentrations of fluoride during tooth development, leading to enamel with lower mineral content and increased porosity. Deans fluorosis index synonyms, deans fluorosis index. Dental fluorosis prevalence and severity using deans index. Excessive fluoride ingestion has been associated with dental fluorosis.
Dean conducted a survey in 1931 and develop an index for fluorosis in 1934 known as deans index clinically, mild enamel fluorosis is seen as diffuse white spots or white opaque lines or striations or a white parchment like appearance of the tooth surface that run horizontally across the enamel. In contrast deans index of fluorosis records only the appearance of dental fluorosis following a judgement of fluorosis by the examiner. As the results of this research show, the agewise ranking of the dean index within the community is a sensitive indicator of dental fluorosis. Fluorosis affects nearly one in every four americans ages 6 to 49.
In deans index, each individual is given one score, as a score for the whole mouth, according to the two teeth most affected by. Synonyms for deans fluorosis index in free thesaurus. Surface preparation via pumicing and etching with transbond sep showed the highest bond failure rate of. Why are brown spots from fluorosis not removable like other posteruptive spots such as coffee stains. Fluorosis facts a resource for parents and caregivers. The tooth surface index of fluorosis tsif eliminates or reduces some of the shortcomings of dean s method.
Oct 26, 20 dental fluorosis comes in various stages of severity. The data were from a nationally representative survey by calibrated dental examiners using the modified deans fluorosis classification system. An individual s fluorosis score is based on the most severe form of fluorosis found on two or more teeth. Fluorosis definition of fluorosis by merriamwebster. Synonyms for dean s fluorosis index in free thesaurus. Criteria for deans fluorosis index 20 score criteria normal the enamel represents the usual translucent semivitriform type of structure. Dental fluorosis was scored using deans modified index. Three dentists conducted replicate fluorosis examinations on 202 children in newburgh and kingston, ny. This report describes the interexaminer reliability achieved using deans index in a study of dental fluorosis, and shows the effect on kappa values of assigning different weights to the various components of deans index. Dean conducted a survey in 1931 and develop an index for fluorosis in 1934 known as deans index clinically, mild enamel fluorosis is seen as diffuse white spots or white opaque lines or striations or a white parchment like appearance of the tooth surface.
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